Entrance Examination Material – Biology
The biology exam in English for Stara Zagora University contains the following material.
The candidate should be prepared for the following:
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The levels of organization in the human organism. Tissues in the human organism.
Digestive system. Eating. Digestion, vitamins.
Respiratory system. Breathing.
Kidney. Urine formation
Cardiovascular system. Heart and blood vessels. Blood circulation.
Blood. Immunity. Regulation and homeostasis. Immunological mechanisms of homeostasis.
Skeletal System Bones, Spine, Chest and Limbs. Muscular System
Reproductive system. Male and female reproductive system. Fertilization.
Nervous system. Spinal cord. Brain. Vegetative nervous system. The sense organs.
Endocrine system. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands. Pancreas, adrenal glands
CELL
Chemical composition of the cell. Inorganic molecules and ions. Organic compound: monosaccharides, aminoacids, lipids, nucleotides. Macromolecules – polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids.
Supramolecular complexes. Viruses
Enzymes. Mechanism of action and regulation of enzyme activity.
The cell – elementary unit of living matter. Characteristics of prokaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cell. Cell organelles – organization, functions
Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes. Biological oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation.
Genetic processes – replication, transcription, maturation of RNA, translation, genetic code.
Cell life cycle and cell differentiation. Cell division.
FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS
Heredity. Mendel’s experiments and laws of inheritance – Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses . Punnett square. Allelic and non-allelic interactions. Sex-linked inheritance
Genetic modification. Mutations.
Human genetics. Genetic disorders in human
Entrance Examination Material – Biology
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