Entrance Examination Material – Biology

The biology exam in English for Stara Zagora University contains the following material.

The candidate should be prepared for the following:

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The levels of organization in the human organism. Tissues in the human organism.

Digestive system. Eating. Digestion, vitamins.

Respiratory system. Breathing.

Kidney. Urine formation

Cardiovascular system. Heart and blood vessels. Blood circulation.

Blood. Immunity. Regulation and homeostasis. Immunological mechanisms of homeostasis.

Skeletal System Bones, Spine, Chest and Limbs. Muscular System

Reproductive system. Male and female reproductive system. Fertilization.

Nervous system. Spinal cord. Brain. Vegetative nervous system. The sense organs.

Endocrine system. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands. Pancreas, adrenal glands

CELL

Chemical composition of the cell. Inorganic molecules and ions. Organic compound: monosaccharides, aminoacids, lipids, nucleotides. Macromolecules – polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids.

Supramolecular complexes. Viruses

Enzymes. Mechanism of action and regulation of enzyme activity.

The cell – elementary unit of living matter. Characteristics of prokaryotic cell.

Eukaryotic cell. Cell organelles – organization, functions

Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes. Biological oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Genetic processes – replication, transcription, maturation of RNA, translation, genetic code.

Cell life cycle and cell differentiation. Cell division.

FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS

Heredity. Mendel’s experiments and laws of inheritance – Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses . Punnett square. Allelic and non-allelic interactions. Sex-linked inheritance

Genetic modification. Mutations.

Human genetics. Genetic disorders in human

Entrance Examination Material – Biology

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